Adobe (Earth Bricks):
Adobe is one of the oldest building materials, consisting of natural earth mixed with water and organic materials such as straw, shaped into bricks, and dried in the sun. This technique is particularly popular in hot, dry climates because adobe walls provide excellent thermal mass, absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, helping to regulate indoor temperatures naturally.

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Wattle and Daub:
Wattle and daub is an ancient construction method where a woven lattice of wooden strips (the wattle) is covered with a sticky mixture of soil, clay, sand, and organic materials like straw (the daub). This method creates a durable, insulated wall and is often used in combination with timber framing. It's known for its low environmental impact, using locally sourced materials.

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Light Straw Clay:
Light straw clay involves mixing loose straw with a clay slip to create an eco-friendly, insulating material. This mixture is tamped into forms or used as infill in wooden frames. Light straw clay offers good thermal performance, is breathable, and helps regulate indoor humidity, making it an ideal choice for sustainable and comfortable homes.

Cob:
Cob is a simple yet strong building material made from subsoil, water, fibrous organic material (such as straw), and sometimes lime. It is applied directly by hand or using tools to form thick, solid walls. Cob structures are known for their longevity and thermal efficiency, maintaining comfortable interior temperatures by absorbing and releasing heat slowly. It also allows for creative, sculptural designs.

Rammed Earth:
Rammed earth is a construction technique where moist earth is compressed between wooden or metal forms to create solid, dense walls. The process results in a natural stone-like finish that is highly durable, fire-resistant, and energy-efficient due to its high thermal mass. Rammed earth buildings are environmentally friendly, using minimal energy and resources, and can last for centuries.

Compressed Earth Block (CEB):
Compressed Earth Blocks are made by compacting earth in a mechanical press, forming uniform, solid blocks that can be used in construction. CEBs are an energy-efficient alternative to fired bricks, as they require no kiln firing. They are versatile, durable, and provide excellent thermal mass, making them ideal for energy-efficient buildings in various climates.

Poured Earth:
Poured earth is a modern adaptation of traditional rammed earth methods, where a mixture of earth and stabilizers (like cement or lime) is poured into forms, similar to concrete, to create solid, monolithic walls. This technique combines the benefits of earth’s natural insulation with the ease and speed of modern construction methods, offering an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for building durable structures.